Murmurs are characterized by their grade, pitch, timing in the cardiac cycle, change in intensity, quality, location heard best, and radiation. Systolic murmurs. Almost all systolic murmurs begin in ...

Blood flows through the heart and generates noises known as heart sounds. These noises occur due to heart valves opening and closing as the heart pumps blood. A doctor can gain valuable information by ...

IT IS possible that the existence of the heart sounds was known to Hippocrates 1 and even that he made use of his knowledge for diagnostic purposes, but William Harvey 2 seems to have been the first ...