Along the way, he dropped the philosophy and received his PhD in psychology in 1903. Five years later, Johns Hopkins University appointed him professor of experimental and comparative psychology.

Comparative psychology is full of debates about rich and lean explanations of animal action. While some human behaviors appear to be unique (e.g., packing first-aid kits because we are aware of ...

By studying animal behavior, humans can also learn more about their own behavior—a field known as comparative psychology. Do Animals Have Thoughts and Emotions? Many researchers who study animal ...