A little girl from Perth was visiting relatives in Punjab, Pakistan, with her family when the incident occurred.
A cop, thinking that the robbers were fleeing in the family's vehicle, "mistakenly" fired his gun, resulting in the death of the 9-year-old and injuring her brother and father, police said.
Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has called on authorities in Pakistan for a "proper investigation" into the fatal shooting of Hania Ahmed.