All living cells need energy, and most generate it through respiration, a series of chemical reactions normally confined to the cell membrane. Because this machinery takes up space, a cell's ...

Soils release approximately 40–60 petagrams (Pg) of carbon annually into the atmosphere through microbial metabolism. Climate warming is projected to further enhance soil microbial respiration, ...

The organism, an early-evolving bacterium named Hydrogenobacter, thrives in the hydrothermal spring environments of Yellowstone National Park, which are rich in sulfur but have very low dissolved ...