Causal inference in observational settings seeks to estimate the effect of exposures, treatments or interventions on outcomes in the absence of random assignment. Unlike experimental designs, ...

Observational studies provide crucial information early during epidemics and pandemics, but they often suffer from methodological shortcomings, which can be resolved. Scientific research is a ...

Nancy Dreyer, PhD, MPH, FISE, chief scientific advisor to Picnic Health, shares some of the ways that direct-to-patient approaches have improved observational research. Direct-to-patient approaches ...

Medical research is essential for advancing the understanding of health, diseases, and treatments. There are many types of studies that serve different purposes. Medical research, or health research, ...

In the article that accompanies this editorial, Lu et al 5 conducted a systematic review on the use of instrumental variable (IV) methods in oncology comparative effectiveness research. The main ...

In Figures (a) and (b), the colors depict the uncertainty levels before and after applying optimal observations. In Figure (b), the labeled points and numbers indicate the positions of mooring sites ...