To handle increasing wastewater loads, sewage treatment plants are adopting more advanced treatment processes. However, many of these approaches require additional space and energy, highlighting the ...

CRISPR-Cas systems are prokaryotic immune systems that confer resistance to foreign genetic elements such as plasmids and phages. CRISPR-Cas systems have been exploited for targeted genome editing.

Bacteria can communicate with each other using diffusible chemical signals and can co-ordinate their behaviour to function as a group. Interbacterial signalling that functions to reflect population ...